ÿþ<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta name="author" content="Frederick John Kluth"/> <meta name="description" content="Indo-European Roots of Ancient Greek Words"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Indo-European, fjkluth"/> <style type="text/css" media="screen"> h2 {color: red; text-align: center} img.photo { float: left; margin-right: 20px;} </style> <title>Indo-European Roots of Ancient Greek Words</title> </head> <body> <p><img class="photo" src="logo.gif" width="200" height="150" alt="Logo of The Role of Women in the Art of Ancient Greece"/></p> <p><a href="index.html">RWAAG</a>, I-E roots--></p> <h2>Indo-European Roots of Ancient Greek Words</h2> <p>Advertisement:</p> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-0012620521126070"; /* Goddesses */ google_ad_slot = "1441480835"; google_ad_width = 300; google_ad_height = 250; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <p>If you click above and follow the links to a purchase then this site receives a commission for its support.</p> <h2>Indo-European Roots of Ancient Greek Words</h2> <p>Greek is an Indo-European language. Most of the languages of Europe have a similar ancestry. Though little is known of the Indo-European culture, similarities between these languages has revealed many aspects of the language that was spoken. Furthermore meanings that can be established in this language can reveal aspects of the words that followed. In some cases words at the time of Homer have lost meaning over time. These meanings can sometimes be recovered by studying the Indo-European roots.</p> <h2>Index:</h2> <ul> <li>actaios -- ºÄ±Ö¿Â -- 'on the coast' from Mycenaean Linear B 'a-ka-ta-jo' from Indo-European 'aku/-, more accurately Yku/, ku/- 'aqua, water, river' and 'tag-, or teg- : tog- : teg-', 'to grip, seize, touch'</li> <li>agoge -- ³É³® in Attic Greek, or ³É³¬, agMgá in Doric Greek -- 'training' from 1. ger-, gere- 'to cram, collect, put together' in the sense of herding together for training.</li> <li>aiganee -- ±0³±½­· -- 'hunting-spear, javelin' from '2. aig-', 'oak' and '3. an(Y)-', 'to breathe', Hom. Il. 2.774, Hom. Il. 16.589 </li> <li>agnize -- ³½¯¶É -- 'to cleanse away, purify' from 'angu/(h)i-', 'snake, worm' Euripides, Alcestis, line 76</li> <li>amyloi -- ¼Å»¿¹ -- unmilled, Aristophanes, <cite>Acharnians</cite>, line 1092 '1. n, n, nei (negative particle: no, etc.)' and 'mel-, also smel-, melY- : ml-, mel-d- : ml-ed-, mel-dh-, ml-i- : ml+-, melY-k- : ml-k-, mlu- : mlk-', 'to mill, grind; fine, ground'</li> <li>amphekes -- ¼Æ®º·Â -- twoedged cutter (Soph. El. 485) from 'ambhi, m%bhi', 'around, at both sides' and 'kes-', 'to cut'</li> <li>aooton -- ÉÄ¿½ -- fine wool, flock ('5. au/-, au/-', 'to plait, weave' and 'tag-, or teg- : tog- : teg-', 'to grip, seize, touch') Hom. Od. 1.443</li> <li>cheiras -- ǵ¹Áq -- 'chap, crack in the hands or feet' from '2. gh-', 'to gape, yawn'</li> <li>demnion -- ´­¼½¹¿½ -- bedstead, bed ( Soph. Trach. 901) from dem- 'to build; house' and maybe '1. en', 'in'</li> <li>dragon -- ´Á¬ºÉ½ -- snake, serpent (Aesch. Pers. 82) from 'derk-', 'to look' (The word is related to concept of the evil eye).</li> <li>eanos -- '±½ÌÂ' -- robe from Indo-European '2. eu-' 'to dress, put on' and '2. nei-, neiY-, n+-', 'to be moved, excited; to shine', Homer, Iliad 14.177</li> <li>eleutheros -- »µÍ¸µÁ¿Â -- free (Soph. El. 339) from '6. el-', 'to go, move, drive' and '2. dher-', 'to hold, support'</li> <li>eortazo -- ¿ÁĬ¶É -- to keep festival, Aristophanes, <cite>Acharnians</cite>, line 1079 From Indo-European 'ier-, ien-', 'day(light), morning' and 'tg-', 'to tidy up' suggesting this may be a reference to a divine ordering.</li> <li>eune -- µP½® -- bed, Homer, <cite>Odyssey</cite>, 8.249 from Indo-European '2. eu-', 'to dress, put on' and '3. nei-, ni-, 'in'</li> <li>euphues -- 'µPÆà®Â' -- I. well-grown, shapely, II. of good natural disposition, III. Naturally clever, IV. good natural parts, Aristot. Poet. 1455a from Indo-European, '2. eu-', 'to dress, put on' and 'bheu-, bheu/Y-, bhu/-, bhu/- : bhMu- : bhk-', 'to be, exist; grow, prosper'.</li> <li>euplokamos -- µPÀ»Ìº±¼¿Â -- with goodly locks, fairhaired from Indo-European 'eu-', 'to dress, put on' and 'plek-', 'to ply, pleach, plait, weave', Hom. Od. 1.86</li> <li>eccyclema - ººÅº»·¼± - a theatrical machine consisting of a platform with wheels attached which allows a set or person to be wheeled in or out. This word is from the Indo-European 'ik-', 'to possess, be capable '; 'ku/el-', 'to turn; wheel; neck?' and 'magh-','to fight, struggle'.</li> <li>gonteia -- ³¿·Äµ¯± -- 'charm' from Indo-European 'kan-' 'to sing, sound'</li> <li>hesson -- %ÃÃɽ -- inferior (Soph. Ant. 680) from '3. sk-', 'to abate; lazy, quiet' (related to heka, a little, slightly)</li> <li>hypocrites -- QÀ¿ºÁÄu -- actors, from Indo-European 'au/(e)-, au/(i)-, u/-', 'to vent, blow' and : '1. ku/er-', 'to do, form, make' (one who makes a loud voice?)</li> <li>itria -- 4ÄÁ¹± -- cake, Aristophanes, Acharnians line 1092 -- from Indo-European 'terk-, trek-, tork-, trok-', 'to torque, turn' related to 'tart'?</li> <li>katastephes -- º±Ä±ÃĵƮ -- deck with garlands, crowned, wreath -- from Sophocles, Trachiniae, line 180, From Indo-European 1. kat- 'to link, plait, weave; chain, net' and steb(h)- 'stump, post, pillar; to support, etc.' Obviously this word is related to 'stephane' but the derivation suggests a relation to the pollos of a caryatid. The stephane may well be a circular pad that would allow the women to carry a jug of water more easily.</li> <li>katakeleo -- º±Ä±º·»­É -- to charm away (Soph. Trach. 1002) from '1. kat-', 'to link, plait, weave; chain, net' and 'keleu- ', 'to wander; way, path'. This suggests that to charm is to perform an act similar to what the fates do - weave a life thread.</li> <li>katara -- º±Ä¬Á± -- a curse perhaps from Indo-European '1. kat-', 'to link, plait, weave; chain, net' and '3. er- : or- : r-', 'to move, set in motion'</li> <li>keleterios -- º·»·Ä®Á¹¿Â -- charming, appeasing, Soph. Trach. 575, From Indo-European 'kl-' 'to deceive, dumbfound, enthrall' and 'ter-', 'intestines' (might mean love potion).</li> <li>klaio -- º»±¯É -- 'weep' from '1. gu/ei-', 'to cry, weep, complain'</li> <li>koilos -- º¿Ö»¿Â -- 'hollow' from '1. dhel-', 'curve; hollow' ref. Soph. Trach. 901</li> <li>krateo -- ºÁ¶ÄÉ' -- 'prevail' seems to be from 'kert-, kerYt-, krt-', 'to roll, turn, wind. (root of the word 'democracy')</li> <li>šÅ´É½­± -- quince tree, Indo-European 'ku-, kus-', 'to kiss' and 'dM- : dY-, also dM-u- : dYu- : du-', 'to give, donate' and '1. n-', 'to help, be useful'. Plutarch reports that a Greek bride would nibble a quince to perfume her kiss before entering the bridal chamber, "in order that the first greeting may not be disagreeable nor unpleasant" (Roman Questions 3.65).</li> <li>malli -- '¼±»»¯' -- wool, (Linear B -- ma-ri ¼±»»¯, wool) (IE -- '7. mel-', 'wool, woolen garment'</li> <li>mechana - '¼±Ç°½q' -- a theatrical machine like a crane by which the gods etc. could appear in the air from Indo-European 'magh-','to fight, struggle'</li> <li>orchestrides -- @ÁÇ·ÃÄÁ¯´µÂ, dancing girl from Indo-european '3. er- : or- : r-', 'to move, set in motion' and 'ghesto-', 'arm, hand' and 1. u/ebh- 'to plait, weave, waver, move back and forth' Aristophanes, Acharnians line 1093. The suffix '-ide' may define women by their weaving skill. The suffixes '-ide' and '-ess' both seem to relate to women. The suffix '-ess' seems to relate to the root 'i/M[u]s- : i/ks-', 'belt; to gird' which seems to relate to what women wore and not what they did.</li> <li>optao -- @ÀÄ¬É -- roast, fry actually cook with fire. from '1. op-', 'to work, perform, operate, bring about' and 't-, tY-, ti-, tYi-, t+-; [tu-], tYu-, tk-', 'to thaw, melt, decay, dissipate'</li> <li>orthostadion -- @Á¸¿ÃĬ´¹¿½ -- a loose, ungirded tunic from Indo-European 'u/erdh-, u/redh-', 'to grow; high' and '1. (s)pen(-d)-', 'to pull, spin'</li> <li>pagchristos -- À¬³ÇÁ¹ÃÄ¿Â -- all-anointed (Soph. Trach. 661) '1. pel-, pelY-, pl-', 'to fill, pour; full; town?' and 'ghri-', 'to smear over'</li> <li>peplos -- À­À»¿Â -- woven cover, '3b. pel-, pelY-, pl-', 'to wrap, cover; cloth; fell, pelt' and 'plek-', 'to ply, pleach, plait, weave', Homer, <cite>Odyssey</cite>, 15.124</li> <li>periparides -- ÀµÁ¹²±Á¯´µÂ -- women's shoes from Indo-European '2a. per-', 'to pass over/beyond' and 'bait, or pait?', 'goatskin; cloak, mantle' and '1. u/ebh-', 'to plait, weave, waver, move back and forth'. The suggestion is the the shoes are formed of goatskin that is bound around the foot. Aristophanes, <cite>Lysistrata</cite> line 45.</li> <li>phleba -- Æ»­²± -- vein from 'gu/heiY-', 'vein, sinew, tendon'</li> <li>plakountes -- À»±º¿æ½ÄµÂ -- 'flattened like a cake maker', Aristophanes, Acharnians, line1092 '1. pl-k- : plY-k-, ple-k- : plM-k-, plei-k-, and pelY-g- : pl-g- : plY-g-', 'flat, wide, broad; spread out' and '1. u/endh- 'to turn, wind'</li> <li>potnia -- 'ÀÌĽ¹±' -- 'mistress' from Mycenaean 'PO-TI-NI-JA' from Indo-European 'poti-s', 'host, husband, lord, master, owner' and 'gu/n 'queen, wife, woman'</li> <li>praunein -- ÀÁ±Í½µ¹½ -- 'medicinal relief', from 'pri-, prYi-, pr+-, pri-', 'to like, feel friendly/well-disposed' and '3. nei-', 'in' ref. Sophocles, Philoctetes line 650</li> <li>purgos -- ÀÍÁ³¿Â -- 'tower', from 'gu/heiY- : gu/h+- 'vein, sinew, tendon' Euripides, <cite>Medea</cite>, line 5 Euripides, <cite>Hecuba</cite>, line 16(seems most related to 'purfle') </li> <li>skorodon -- 'úÌÁ¿´¿½' -- garlic, Allium sativum, Aristophanes, Acharnians line 165, 521, 550, I-E '(s)keup-, skeub(h)-', 'sheaf, bunch, flock, etc.' and '1. od-', 'to smell'</li> <li>stornunth -- ÃÄ¿Á½Í½¸ -- 'spread smooth' from '5. ster-', 'to scatter, spread out' and 'nk-', 'now' ref. Soph. Trach. 901</li> <li>sygkirnasin -- Ãųº¹Á½¶Ã¹½ -- probably means mix itself usefully (what a krater does to wine and water). From 'su/eng-, su/enk- : su/eg-, su/ek-', 'to bend, swing, swag' and '3. er- : or- : r-', 'to move, set in motion' and '1. n-', 'to help, be useful' and 'se-', 'self, one's own'. From line 841, Aristophanes, Ecclesiazusae</li> <li>symposium -- ÃżÀ¿Ã¯¿½ -- a convivial meeting for drinking, music, and intellectual discussion (Hdt. 2.78) from '2. sem-', 'one, together' and '2. pM(i)- : p+-, and (from pM-), po-', 'to drink'</li> <li>tagcheleia -- ijǭ»µ¹±' -- tortoise meat -- from 'tg-', 'to tidy up' and 'ghel-Mu-, ghelk-', 'turtle, tortoise', Aristophanes, Acharnians, line 1040</li> <li>talaros -- Ĭ»±Á¿Â -- basket (dhl- 'to bloom, be green', thallos - n.masc - twig and aro-m - reed?) Homer, Odyssey 4.131</li> <li>tanauphes -- Ä°½°RÆu -- woven long and finely, Soph. Trach. 602 from 'tens-', 'to span, stretch, extend' and '1. u/ebh-', 'to plait, weave, move back and forth'</li> <li>theteuo -- ¸·ÄµÍÉ -- 'be a day laborer, work for hire', from '2. dh-', 'to put, place, set' and '2. teu-', 'to notice, observe, listen to', Euripides, Alcestis line 6</li> <li>therapeia -- ¸µÁ°Àµ¯± -- 'service, attendance' from 'dherbh-', 'to work'</li> <li>thelkterion -- ¸­»ºÄ®Á¹¿½-- charm, spell, of the girdle of Aphrodite. Perhaps referenced at Soph. Trach. 585, perhaps 'dhelgh-', 'to hit' and 'tekþ-', 'to plait'</li> <li>thooraka -- ¸ÎÁ±º± -- 'put on protective armour', Aristophanes, <cite>Acharnians</cite>, line 1133, Indo-European '2. gheu-, gheu-d- 'to die, disappear, get away' and 'rabh-, or rebh- : rebh-' 'to rage, be furious'</li> <li>thusanos -- ¸Íñ½¿Â -- tassel from Indo-European 'dheu/es-, dhu/s-, dheus-, dhks-', 'to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc.' and '4. an-, anu, anM, nM', 'on, along, over there'. Homer, Iliad 14.183.</li> </ul> <hr/> <p>To ask a question about this topic note the topic (Indo-European roots) and <a href="comm.html">Click here</a></p> <hr/> <h2>Indo-European Roots of Ancient Greek Words</h2> <h2>Questions and Answers</h2> <p>Advertisement:</p> <p>Buying links: <a href="grepar.html">Art Supplies and Original Art</a> -- <a href="grepe.html">Audio Books</a> -- <a href="grepp.html">Auto Parts and Accessories</a> -- <a href="grepeb.html">eBooks(books in digital form)</a> -- <a href="grepq.html">Traditional Books</a> -- <a href="grepb.html">Business to Business</a> -- <a href="grepcoe.html">Collectibles</a> -- <a href="grepcol.html">College and Education</a> -- <a href="grepcomh.html">Computer HW(Hardware)</a> -- <a href="grepcoms.html">Computer SW(Software)</a> -- <a href="grepcon.html">Construction and Built-in Decoration of Homes</a> -- <a href="grepce.html">Consumer Electronics</a> -- <a href="grepcos.html">Cosmetics and Fragrances</a> -- <a href="greppa.html">Costumes and Party Goods</a> -- <a href="grepev.html">Events</a> -- <a href="grepk.html">Furniture and Removable Decoration of Homes</a> -- <a href="grepg.html">Games</a> -- <a href="grepga.html">Garden and Flowers</a> -- <a href="grepj.html">Gifts</a> -- <a href="grepgr.html">Groceries, Gourmet Food, and Wine</a> -- <a href="grepha.html">Hair Care</a> -- <a href="grepl.html">Handbags and Luggage</a> -- <a href="greph.html">Health Food</a> -- <a href="grepho.html">Hotels</a> -- <a href="grepo.html">Jewelry</a> -- <a href="grepki.html">Kitchen and Dining</a> -- <a href="grepmal.html">Malls and Virtual Malls</a> -- <a href="grepme.html">Men&#39;s</a> -- <a href="grepu.html">Movies/DVD&#39;s</a> -- <a href="grepmu.html">Music</a> -- <a href="grepou.html">Outdoors</a> -- <a href="grepph.html">Photo</a> -- <a href="greppo.html">Posters, Prints and Painting Reproductions</a> -- <a href="greps.html">Shoes</a> -- <a href="grepte.html">Teens</a> -- <a href="grepto.html">Toys</a> -- <a href="grepa.html">Travel</a> -- <a href="grepw.html">Women&#39;s</a> -- <a href="grepeur.html">Geschäft in Europa</a> -- <a href="grepuk.html">United Kingdom Vendors</a> --</p> <p>If you click above and follow the links to a purchase then this site receives a commission for its support.</p> <p><img class="photo" src="logo.gif" width="200" height="150" alt="Logo of The Role of Women in the Art of Ancient Greece"/></p> <p><a href="index.html">RWAAG</a>, I-E roots--></p> <p>updz20111104</p> </body> </html>